Basic Networking : Part 1
Network: Two or more devices are connected with each other by communication medium, it is called Network.
Networking: The method of data commutation or transferred one host to another host is called networking.
Internet : Multiple networks are connected. Network of networks.
Host : PC, Laptop, server, mobile, printer.
Networking devices for networking are below:
1> Hub: Connect multiple hosts to data communication. It has less number of ports, one broadcast domain and one collision domain.
2> Switch: Connect multiple hosts to data communication. It has more number of ports, one broadcast domain and collision domains are depend on number of ports.
3> Router: Two or more different network are connected.
4> Firewall : Permit/Deny data traffic to protect the organization network.
Topology : Bus, Ring, Star, Tree, Mesh, Hybrid.
Bit: Represents 1 or 0.
Byte : all together 8 bits are called byte.
IP Version4: Represented by bit or decimal format. 4 octet is there and Every octet represents 8 bits.
Exp: 192.168.21.13/24
Subnet Mask: Has two part 1) Network ID : All bits are on. 2) Host ID: All bits are off.
Exp: 255.255.255.0 -> 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
IP address classes:
Class A > 1.0.0.0 - 128.255.255.255 [1st octet is network ID]
Class B > 129.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255 [ two octets are network ID]
Class C > 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255 [three octets are network ID]
Class D > 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 (For multicast)
Class E > 240.0.0.0 - 254.255.255.255 (For research)
Public IP : Not free, need to purchase IANA or ISP, Unique in world wise.
Private IP : Free, Unique in Local area network, not routable in public network.
For host we can use class A,B,C.
Private IP address range:
Class A > 10.0.0.0 -10.255.255.255
Class B > 172.168.0.0 -172.168.255.255
Class C > 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
Subnetting: Divided a large network into smaller networks to reduce wastage of IP address.
Exp: 192.168.23.1/26
11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
Subnetted networks under one single network : 2 to the power 2: 4
host in block : 64 - 2= 62
Network Address | Host Range | Broadcast Address: |
192.168.23.0 | 192.168.23.1 - 192.168.23.62 | 192.168.23.63 |
192.168.23.64 | 192.168.23.65 - 192.168.23.126 | 192.168.23.127 |
192.168.23.128 | 192.168.23.129 - 192.168.23.190 | 192.168.23.191 |
192.168.23.192 | 192.168.23.193 - 192.168.23.254 | 192.168.23.255 |